Document Details
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Document Type |
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Article In Journal |
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Document Title |
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Maternal serum free-β-chorionic gonadotrophin,pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and fetal nuchal translucency thickness at 10–13+6 weeks in relation to co-variables in pregnant Saudi women Maternal serum free-β-chorionic gonadotrophin,pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and fetal nuchal translucency thickness at 10–13+6 weeks in relation to co-variables in pregnant Saudi women |
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Document Language |
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English |
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Abstract |
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Objective To establish normative values and distribution parameters of first-trimester screening markers,
namely, fetal nuchal translucency (NT), maternal serum free β-human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG) and
pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), at 10 to 13+6 weeks of gestation in Saudi women and
to evaluate the effect of co-variables including maternal body weight, gravidity, parity, fetal gender, twin
pregnancy, smoking and ethnicity on these markers.
Methods A cohort of Saudi women (first cohort n = 1616) with singleton pregnancies prospectively
participated in the present study, and fetal NT together with maternal serum free β-hCG and PAPP-A were
determined at 10 to 13+6 weeks of gestation. The distribution of gestational age-independent multiples of
the median (MoM) of the parameters was defined and normative values were established, and correction for
maternal body weight was made accordingly. The influence of various co-variables was examined using the
data collected from the first and the second (n = 1849) cohorts of women and 62 twin pregnancies, and
compared with other studies.
Results All markers exhibited log-normally distributed MoMs. Gestational age-independent normative values
were established. Maternal body weight was corrected, particularly for maternal free β-hCG and PAPP-A using
standard methods. Fetal NT showed a negative relationship with increasing gravidity (r = −0.296) or parity
(r = −0.311), whereas both free β-hCG and PAPP-A exhibited a significant positive relationship. There was
a significant increase in the MoM of free β-hCG in female fetuses. Smoking decreased MoM values of
free β-hCG (by 14.6%; P < 0.01) and PAPP-A (by 18.8%; P < 0.001). Twin pregnancy showed significant
increases in MoM values of free β-hCG (by 1.87-fold) and PAPP-A (by 2.24-fold), with no significant changes
in fetal NT MoM values. Fetal NT MoM values were lower in Africans and Asians but higher in Orientals,
as compared to Saudi women (P < 0.05; in each case). MoM values (body weight-corrected) of free β-hCG
were 25.2% higher in Africans and 19.4% higher in Orientals but 6.8% lower in other Arabian and Asian (by
5.8%) women as compared to Saudi women (P < 0.05; in each case).
Conclusions The normative values and distribution parameters for fetal NT, maternal serum free β-hCG and
PAPP-A were established in Saudi singleton pregnancies, the maternal body weight together with smoking,
twin pregnancy and ethnicity being important first-trimester screening co-variables. Gravidity, parity and fetal
gender are also considered to influence one or more of the first-trimester markers examined. Copyright 2007
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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ISSN |
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1097-0223 |
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Journal Name |
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Prenat Diagnosis |
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Volume |
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27 |
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Issue Number |
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1 |
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Publishing Year |
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1428 AH
2007 AD |
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Article Type |
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Article |
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Added Date |
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Saturday, April 24, 2010 |
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Researchers
| محمد صالح العرضاوي | Ardawi, Mohammed-Salleh | Investigator | Doctorate | ardawims@yahoo.com |
| محمد قاري | Qari, Mohammed | Researcher | Doctorate | |
| محمد القحطاني | Al-Qahtani, Mohammed | Researcher | Doctorate | |
| عادل أبو زنادة | Abuzenadah, Adel | Researcher | Doctorate | |
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