Document Details
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Document Type |
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Thesis |
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Document Title |
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THE USE OF GROWTH HORMONE, ANABOLIC STEROIDS, AND NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS AMONG SAUDI MALE ATHLETES AT PRIVATE ATHLETIC CENTERS IN JEDDAH, SAUDI ARABIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY 2018. استخدام هرمون النمو، الاستيرويدات الابتنائية، والمكملات الغذائية بين الرياضيين الذكور في المراكز الرياضية الخاصة في جدة ، المملكة العربية السعودية : دراسة مقطعية 2018 |
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Subject |
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Faculty of medicine |
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Document Language |
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Arabic |
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Abstract |
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Background: Athletes have worldwide use of performance-enhancing substances like human growth hormone, anabolic steroids, and nutrition supplements. Nowadays, in some types of sport not only professional athletes are using this material also adolescent athletes are using it too. While that performance and appearance is the primary interest of many athletes and bodybuilders, this explains the current use of these substances.
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to detect the prevalence of growth hormone, anabolic steroids, and nutritional supplement use among Saudi male athletes in private athletic centers at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to determine the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding the use of these substances among the study group, and to identify the possible risk factors associated with the use of these substances.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study conducted on a representative sample (350) of athletes randomly selected from the private male athletic centers of Jeddah – Saudi Arabia, through a cluster sampling technique over a period of 5 months. The data were collected from all participants through a self-administered and anonymous questionnaire.
Results: This study reported that the prevalence of growth hormone (GH), anabolic steroids (AS), and nutritional supplements (NS) use among male athletes who attended the private athletic centers in Jeddah was 18.0%, 12.3 % and 76.6 %, respectively. About 57.1% of growth hormone users had correct knowledge. However, the study shows that 50.8% of GH users had a negative attitude. The most common predictors among athletes using growth hormone were age, marital status, living area and gym area. Concerning anabolic steroids, 51.2% of them had incorrect knowledge, and 53.5% of AS users had negative attitude. The most common predictors among athletes using anabolic steroids are gym area, and total hours of exercise per day. This study illustrates that 44.4% of nutritional supplements users had incorrect knowledge, and 61.6% of NS users had a negative attitude. The most common predictors among athletes using nutritional supplements were body mass index, education, and duration of exercise.
Conclusion and recommendation: The prevalence of growth hormone, anabolic steroids, and nutritional supplements use among male athletes who attended the private athletic centers in Jeddah was high. The level of knowledge about these substances was low and their attitude was bad. Coaches and friends had a serious role in encouraging athletes and trainees to use it, and they are the main source of information regarding these substances. To decrease their abuse, we should focus on changing the attitudes towards these substances and increase the knowledge about it. Therefore, awareness of using these substances and information about them must be engaged in everyday practices. There is a continuous need for health education sessions and awareness programs to control the use of these substances to avoid their harmful effect. |
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Supervisor |
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Prof. . Amal Ahmed Hegazy |
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Thesis Type |
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Master Thesis |
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Publishing Year |
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1441 AH
2020 AD |
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Co-Supervisor |
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Prof. Dr. Hussain Al-Bar |
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Added Date |
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Wednesday, June 24, 2020 |
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Researchers
| إيلاف وائل محامد | Mahamid, Elaf Wael | Researcher | Master | |
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